words
acquire:
earn gain obtain secure /lose miss

immune:
Not subject to an obligation imposed on others.
exempt(免除) resistant

deficiency(缺乏, 不足):

diagnose:
analyze(分析，分解) deduce(推论) interpret(解释，说明)
 　
infect:
To invade and produce infection in.
contaminate(污染) influence poison pollute corrupt(腐烂, 堕落)

rural:
urban(城市的，市内的) provincial(省的) rustic(乡村的)

constitute(制定(法律), 建立(政府), 组成, 任命):
compose establish form organize set up

segment:
division fraction part portion section subdivision(细分, 一部)

alarm:
arouse(唤醒) agitate(搅动, 摇动, 煽动) frighten shock startle
summons(召唤, [律]传唤, 召集) unnerve(使失去勇气)

federal(联邦的):
confederate(同盟者, 同盟国)

implement(工具, 器具,贯彻, 实现):
appliance bring about carry out complete instrument

emerge:
appear come into view come out submerge

combat:
battle conflict contest fight struggle war

creative:
incredible(难以置信的) unbelievable creatively

client:
customer patron()赞助人, 资助人) prospect(景色, 前景, 前途, 期望)

educate:
enlighten(启发，教导) direct instruct guide show school teach train
tutor(家庭教师, (大学)指导教师 辅导员^-^) educational educator

literacy:
/illiteracy low-literacy literature(文学(作品), 文艺, 著作)

solve:
answer clear up decode explain figure out work out unriddle(解, 阐明)riddle(谜语)

illustrate:
clarify(澄清, 阐明) demonstrate explain picture represent show

relate(叙述, 讲, 使联系, 发生关系):
declare recite(背诵, 朗读) narrate(叙述，讲述) recount report state tell

establish:
demonstrate fix found organize prove set demolish(毁坏, 破坏, 推翻) destroy ruin

buster:
One that breaks up something;

risk:
chance eddanger gamble(冒险) expose(使暴露, 受到) venture(adventure(冒险)) /safety

adult:
full-grown grown-up mature of age child childlike

pressure:
effect force power weight domination(控制，统治) influence burden(负担)

define:
clarify describe establish explain fix outline(要点, 概要) set redefine

plague(瘟疫, 麻烦):
disease bother annoy harass epidemic(流行的，传染的) vex(使烦恼)

emphasize(n.emphasis强调，重点):
accent importance insistence stress

regardless:
despite notwithstanding(though)

solution:
answer explanation finding mixture outcome resolution(坚定, 决心) result

crisis:
emergency(紧急情况) turning point(转折点)

represent:
demonstrate describe depict display illustrate manifest(表明, 证明) reveal

epidemic:
catching infectious widespread

threaten:
alert intimidate(胁迫) caution(谨慎，警告) terrorize

racial:
Of,relating to,or characteristic of race or races.
racial conflict; racial discrimination

efficiency(效率, 功效(adj.efficient)):
The quality or property of being efficient. /inefficiency(无效率, 无能)

commence:
begin start fire  away take off /conclude end finish

thrust(插入, 刺):
bear drive goad press push shove propel(推进，驱使)

initial:
beginning earliest first primary letter initially

intense(强烈的, 剧烈的):
considerable extreme fierce forceful great severe strong

bleed:
grieve(悲痛，伤心，忧伤) sorrow(悲哀，悲痛)

haste(匆忙，急忙):
self-possession(沉着，冷静)

approach：
access advance extrance come near /leave part separate

trial(试验, 考验, 审讯, 审判):
experiment hardship test trouble tryout

significant:
/insignificant

spill(溢出, 涌流, 充满):
flood overflow pour run over spatter(溅污，滴落)

adopt:
To take on or assume
assume choose reject
adoption

mug(杯子):

prior:
before earlier former previous

platform:
balcony(阳台，包厢) course plan policy program stage

spring-board:

coach:
car carriage teach train tutor

assist:
aid help lend a hand support oppose resist

triumph(胜利, 成功):
conquest(征服) success victory winning /defeat(击败)

gay:
homosexuality animated(活泼的) vivid

partner:
assistant colleague companion mate comrade participate

confuse:
complicate jumble(混杂) mistake mix up muddle compose(组成，写作)

vapor:
fog fume gas mist smoke steam
vaporize(蒸发)

compete:
rival(竞争者，对手，竞争)

scare(惊吓, 受惊, 威吓):
alarm appall(使惊骇) frighten horrify startle terrify unnerve

repetition(重复, 循环, 复制品, 副本):
The act or process or an instance of repeating or being repeated.

confident:
believing certain convinced sure /diffident(缺乏自信的)

score-board:

leap(跳, 跳越, 跳跃):
plunge jump dive pounce(突袭)

quit:
abandon cease depart discontinue halt retreat(撤退，退却)

professional:
occupational vocational /amateur(业余爱好者) professionally

Phrases and Expressions

be infected with
in place of
suffer from
pass out-------分发，晕倒
as a result
at risk
regardless of
the solution to
threaten to do sth.-----扬言要。。。
distract ... from------使分心
sign up
in haste-------匆忙
prior to -------在。。。之前
make it-----成功地做某事
start with
assist(sh.with) sth.

words

impression:
An effect,a feeling,or an image retained as a consequence of experience.
impress

retain(保持，保留):
hold keep maintain preserve save /abandon(放弃，遗弃，放弃)

conscious:
alive awake aware cognizant(认知的) realizing sensible(明智的) sensitive(敏感的) /unconscious consciously unconsciousluy
self-conscious self-consciousness

attitude:
opinion position standpoint(立场，观点) viewpoint

reaction:
action

range:
distance extent length limit reach scope(范围，机会，余地)

perception(理解，感知，感觉):

introduction:

spouse:
husband wife mate

interview:
examine interrogate(审问) question quiz test

encounter:
battle come across confront meet oppose(反对) collide(碰撞，抵触)

focus:
adjust concentrate concent(允许，答应，同意) concern(涉及，关心)

persuasion:
persuade /dissuasion(劝阻) persuasive(说服者，善说服的)

presentation :
present

physical:
chemical spiritual(精神上的)

appearance:
/disappearance

rate:
classify evaluate(评价，估计) estimate categorize(分类) rank(等级，讨厌的)

tone:
complexion(面色，肤色，情况) pitch(程度，倾斜) vigor(精力，活力)

gesture:
motion movement sign signal

absorb:
assimilate(吸收) engross(吸引) incorporate(合并的)corporate
soak up(吸收) suck up take in

stride(大步行走，步幅):
pace step walk

consistent(一致的，调和的，相容的):
inconsistent consistently

speaker:
/hearer

depress:
discourage lessen reduce /encoursge inspire 

audience:
The spectators or listeners assembled at a performance,for example,or
attracted by a radio or television program.

contact:
approach connect join reach touch /isolation

relax:
ease up loosen(解开，松开) rest tighten(To make or become tight or tighter)

lighten(减轻，发亮):
darken dim shade(阴暗)

entertainment:

roar(吼叫, 怒号):
boom(繁荣，隆隆声) thunder

humor:
wit(智力, 才智, 智慧) oblige(迫使, 责成)

brood(to be depressed):
contemplate(凝视, 沉思) ponder(沉思, 考虑) reflect(反射, 反映, 表现)

statement:
account announcement declaration notice proclamation(宣布)

snap(猛地吸住,突然的):
break brust crack seize snatch split

judgment(判断):

instant:
immediate moment pressing prompt quick second urgent(急迫的, 紧急的)

action:
battle behavior performance reaction

assume:
adopt believe presume(假定) put on suppose suspect think understand /conclude

acquaint(使熟知, 通知):
enlighten inform notify teach tell

behavior:
action conduct(引导，管理) manner misbehavior(不礼貌, 品行不端) behavioral

estimate:
calculate compute evaluate figure judge rate value overestimate

obvious:
apparent clear distinct evident explicit(清楚的, 直率的) manifest(显然的, 明白的) plain
/obscure(暗的, 朦胧的, 模糊的)

partial:
partly limited fractional(部分的, 碎片的) partially

account(计算, 帐目, 说明):
description information list statement sum tale(故事, 坏话)

rub(擦, 摩擦):
stroke massage(按摩) scour

aggressive:
aggress(攻击, 侵犯) offensive /defensive

passive(被动):
inactive mild(温和的, 温柔的) submissive(顺从的) yielding(出产, 生长,屈服) /active

resent(愤恨, 怨恨):
submit(提交，递交) resentful

function:
ceremony(典礼, 仪式, 礼节)

aspiration(热望, 渴望):

promote:
degrade((使)降级, (使)堕落, (使)退化)

ornament(装饰物):
adornment decoration

jewel(宝石):
gem(珍宝，精华) ornament stone

conviction(深信, 确信, 定罪, 宣告有罪):
convict(证明...有罪, 罪犯)

campaign(战役, (政治或商业性)活动, 竞选运动):
cause drive movement

belief:
distrust doubt incredulity suspicion

religious(虔诚的, 宗教上的,僧侣, 尼姑)
adoring faithful secular(长期的)

token(表示, 向征, 记号):
certificate indication symptom

badge(徽章, 证章):

achievement:

architecture:
building construction structure

rigid(刚硬的, 刚性的, 严格的):
firm hard stiff(硬的, 僵直的)

norm(标准, 规范):
A standard,model,or pattern regarded as typical.

styly:
life-style

Phrases and Expressions

make up one's mind
range from...to...
focus on
drive someone crazy
at one's best
communicate with
lighten up                                         放松，不要生气
take...seriously                               认真地对待某人或某事
lack of
find out
actions speak louder than words
in relation to
become/be acquaint with
pick up
in part
account for
be/feel at home
be content with
a wealth of

The CLR is described as the "execution engine" of .NET. It provides the environment within which the programs run. It's this CLR that manages the execution of programs and provides core services, such as code compilation, memory allocation, thread management, and garbage collection. Through the Common Type System (CTS), it enforces strict type safety, and it ensures that the code is executed in a safe environment by enforcing code access security. The software version of .NET is actually the CLR version.

Working of the CLR

When the .NET program is compiled, the output of the compiler is not an executable file but a file that contains a special type of code called  the Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL), which is a low-level set of instructions understood by the common language run time. This MSIL defines a set of portable instructions that are independent of any specific CPU. It's the job of the CLR to translate this Intermediate code into a executable code when the program is executed making the program to run in any environment for which the CLR is implemented. And that's how the .NET Framework achieves Portability. This MSIL is turned into executable code using a JIT (Just In Time) complier. The process goes like this, when .NET programs are executed, the CLR activates the JIT complier. The JIT complier converts MSIL into native code on a demand basis as each part of the program is needed. Thus the program executes as a native code even though it is compiled into MSIL making the program to run as fast as it would if it is compiled to native code but achieves the portability benefits of MSIL. 

From:www.startvbdotnet.com/dotnet/framework.aspx

.NET is a "Software Platform". It is a language-neutral environment for developing rich .NET experiences and building applications that can easily and securely operate within it. When developed applications are deployed, those applications will target .NET and will execute wherever .NET is implemented instead of targeting a particular Hardware/OS combination. The components that make up the .NET platform are collectively called the .NET Framework.

The .NET Framework is a managed, type-safe environment for developing and executing applications. The .NET Framework manages all aspects of program execution, like, allocation of memory for the storage of data and instructions, granting and denying permissions to the application, managing execution of the application and reallocation of memory for resources that are not needed.

The .NET Framework is designed for cross-language compatibility. Cross-language compatibility means, an application written in Visual Basic .NET may reference a DLL file written in C# (C-Sharp). A Visual Basic .NET class might be derived from a C# class or vice versa.

The .NET Framework consists of two main components: 

Common Language Runtime (CLR)
Class Libraries

From:www.startvbdotnet.com/dotnet/framework.aspx

words

Inward:
inwardly  /outward

Lean:
bend incline(倾斜）slant(倾斜）slender（苗条(slim)，微薄 slight)
/plump(丰满的，鼓起的）fertile(肥沃的，富饶的）stout(结实的）
I am so slender，yet I can play basketball very well!

Occasional:
customary occasionally(有时候，偶而):

Vehicle(交通工具，车辆):
carriage conveyance(运输convey(搬运，传达，转让))

Envy:
be jealous of covet(垂涎，觊觎) envious

Yeast(酵母，发酵粉)[ji:st]:

Occasion(场合，时机，机会):

Urge(催促，力劝，强烈欲望，促进):
advise incite(激动，煽动) plead(辩护，恳求) spur(鞭策，刺激)
provoke(激怒，挑拨，煽动，驱使)　

balance:
steady equalize scale（刻度，比例，等级）/unbalance

severe:
harsh(粗糙的，苛刻的) rough stern(严厉的) /lenient(宽大的，仁慈的)
severely(严格地，激烈地)

cripple(跛子，削弱):
damage disable injure weaken

coordinate(同等者｜的，调整):
arrange harmonize(协调) organize(组织)

halt:
arrest cease(停止) check(阻止) /march

impatient:
anxious eager intolerant(偏狭的) restless /patient

pace:
tread(踏) stride(大步走过，跨过)

adjust:
adapt alter(change) modify vary(change) arrange(安排，排列，协商)
/derange(使错乱) disturb

subway:

despite:
in spite of

nasty:
dirty disgusting(令人厌恶的) revolting

wagon(四轮马车，货车):

cling(粘紧，附着):
to hold fast or adhere to something,as by grasping,sticking,embracing(拥抱),or entwining

rail(横杆，铁轨):

tunnel(隧道，地道):
An underground or underwater passage

basement(地下室，墙脚):
The substructure of foundation of a building.

amaze:
aghast(ghast) 惊骇的，吓呆的 astonish bewilder(使迷惑)
thunderstruck(遭雷击的，震惊的) surprise

stress:
accent emphasis insistence strain tension urgency(紧急)

complaint(n.complain):

precise:
absolute accurate explicit(外在的，清楚的，直率的)
/incorrect vague(含糊的，不清楚的) precisely

engage:
absorb(吸收) entangle(纠缠) occupy involve(包括，潜心于)

local:
limited particular regional restricted

punch(打孔机):
batter hammer thrash strike

shove(推挤):
bump(撞击，肿块) ram(公羊，猛击)

aid:
assistant benefit remedy(药物，补救)

unaided:
Carried out or functioning without aid or assistance.

kid(哄骗，取笑，小孩，小山羊):
child fool jest(笑话，嘲笑，俏皮话) joke tease(揶揄，取笑) tot(小孩，合计)

dive:
drop fall plunge(跳进，投入)

reluctant:
disinclined(不愿的，不想的) unwilling
reluctance(不愿，勉强)

inclined(倾向...的):
Sloping,slanting,or leaning.
Having a preference,disposition,or tendency.

worthy(杰出人物，知名人士，有价值的，可敬的):
unworthy

complain:
find fault(挑剔) grumble(抱怨)

trifle(小事):
Something of little importance or value.

elderly:

collapse:
break down crash fail topple(倾倒)
To fall down or inward suddenly;cave in

county(县，郡):

locate:
To determine or specify the position or limits of.

emergency:
A serious situation or occurrence that happens unexpectedly and
demands immediate action.
crisis crucial(至关紧要的) period pinch(捏，掐，收缩)
emergency-room

marine(舰队，海运的):

apparent:
clear evident obvious plain(平原，清晰的) seeming(表面上的)
apparently

corps(军团，兵种):

marsh(湿地，沼泽):

military:
armed forces army service civil(全民的) naval(海军的)

sole(单独的，唯一的，脚底):
individual one only single unique

enable:
authorize(批准) empower(授权与) license sanction(批准，同意)
/disable

dusk(黄昏，薄暮):
dark evening gloom(阴暗) nightfall(黄昏) sunset(日落，晚年) /dawn

lobby(大厅，休息室):
entrance foyer passageway

dim:
Emitting only a small amount of light;faint
darkish faint pale vague(含糊的，不清楚的) indistinct(不清楚的)
dimly

oxygen(O2):

extend:
donate(捐赠) grant(同意，准予，承认)

limp(柔软的, 易曲的):]
floppy(DISC) loose drooping(下垂的，无力的)
/stiff

squeeze(压榨, 挤, 挤榨):
pinch crush press

ward(守卫，保卫):
guardian

tank(、槽, 池塘, 坦克, 战车, 柜):
A large,often metallic container for holding or storing liquids or gases.

laughter:
/cry

staff(棒, 杖, 杆, 支柱, 全体职员):
comittee(委员会) crew pole(棒, 柱, 杆)

exchange:
change substitute(代用品，代替品，代替) switch trade swap(交换分区)

inform:
accuse advise betray(出卖) snitch(告密者，告发者)

sympathy:
compassion mercy pity sensitivity (敏感) tolerance /antipathy(憎恶，反感)

interrupt:
hinder(阻碍，打扰) interfere intrude(闯入，侵入)

startle(震惊):
To alarm,frighten,or surprise suddenly upset(使心烦，颠覆，混乱)

funeral(葬礼):
burial(bury)

personnel(人员，职员):

Phrases and Expressions

start out　                                 出发
make it　                                  及时赶到
even if　                                    即使、虽然
subject to　                              使......遭受
now that　                                既然
even though　                          虽说，即使
in some way　                          以某种方式
have a good time　                  过得愉快
break out　                              爆发、突然发生
on leave　                                休假
see to　                                    照料、务必做到　　　　　
come to                                    苏醒，恢复知觉
now and again                         不时地，有时候
call for                                      要求
set out                                      出发
for a while                                一会儿、有一段时间
pay no attention to                   不注意，没加注意
now and then                           不时地、有时候、时时
with that                                   接着、于是
on one's way to                        在路上
turn out                                    结果是、证明是